历年英语四级真题试卷pdf免费下载网盘链接：https://pan.quark.cn/s/3350d3b3b6a3
1.Research in human-vehicle interaction has shown even systems designed to automate driving are far from being error-proof. Recent evidence points to drivers’ limited understanding of what these systems can and cannot do as a contributing factor to system misuse. A recent study tackles the issue of over-trusting drivers and the resulting system misuse from a legal viewpoint. It looks at what the manufacturers of self-driving cars should legally do to ensure that drivers understand how to use the vehicles appropriately.
2.One solution suggested in the study involves requiring buyers to sign end-use license agreements (EULAs), similar to the terms and conditions that require agreement when using new software products. But this is far from ideal.The agreement may not provide enough information to the driver, leading to confusion about the nature of the requests for agreement and their implications. Further, most end users don’t read EULAs. A 2017 study shows 91 percent of people agree to them without reading. Among young people,97 percent agree without reviewing the terms.
3.The issue is that, unlike using a smartphone app, operating a car has serious safety risks, whether the driver is human or software.And human drivers need to consent to take responsibility for the outcomes of the software and hardware.
4.“Warning fatigue”and distracted driving are also causes for concern. For example, a driver, annoyed after receiving continuous warnings, could decide to just ignore the message. Or, if the message is presented while the vehicle is in motion, it could represent a distraction. Given these limitations and concerns, even if this mode of obtaining consent is to move forward, it likely won’t fully protect automakers from their legal liability should the system malfunction or an accident occur.
5.Driver training for self-driving vehicles can help ensure that drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations. This needs to occur beyond the vehicle purchase. Recent evidence shows even relying on the information provided by the seller is not going to answer many questions.All of this considered, the road forward for self-driving cars is not going to be a smooth ride after all.
以上为这篇文章的原文哦，你能看懂多少？下面我们一起来做题咯！
1.What do we learn from research in human-vehicle interaction?
A. Automatic driving systems are by no means immune to errors.
B. Driverless vehicles are likely to be misused by some people.
C. Self-driving car manufacturers are not aware of the legal matters involved.
D. There is a long way to go before humans can interact with driverless vehicles.
这道题的正确答案是：A.
定位句：第一段第一句，开门见山。文中提到 “Research in human – vehicle interaction has shown even systems designed to automate driving are far from being error – proof”，意思是人机交互研究表明即使自动驾驶系统也远非不会出错，这与选项 A “自动驾驶系统绝不是不会出错的” 表述一致。
这道题的难点在于词汇。首先，原文中的error-proof（防错）是否能准确的理解其含义？其次，选项中的immune to（免于）的意思是否认识？
小贴士：在考试中，碰到xx-proof的形式，多半是考察proof做形容词时，表示“能防范…”的意思。例如，water-proof，可以翻译为“防水的”。
干扰项辨析：
选项B：文中说的是驾驶员对系统理解有限导致系统被误用，而不是无人驾驶车辆可能被一些人滥用，选项 B 表述不准确。
选项 C：文章只是从法律角度探讨制造商应做之事，未提及制造商是否意识到相关法律问题，选项 C 无中生有。
选项 D：文章重点并非阐述人类与无人驾驶车辆交互还有很长路要走，选项 D 与原文不符。
2.What is the problem with requiring buyers to sign end-user license agreements?
A. End users,young and old alike,find the terms complex to interpret.
B. Most end users sign them without bothering to read the terms.
C. Many people are often confused by the wording of the terms.
D. Most end users do not understand the terms after reading them through.
这道题的正确答案是：B.
定位句：第二段提到了这个协议存在的两个问题。首先便是信息不足致困惑，该协议可能无法向驾驶员提供足够信息，使得驾驶员对协议要求的性质及其影响感到困惑。其次是用户普遍不阅读这个协议（Further, most end users don’t read EULAs.）其中，第二个问题和B选项的表述一致，即：大多数最终用户在签署协议时根本不费心阅读条款。
干扰项辨析：
选项 A：文中未提及年轻和年老的最终用户觉得条款难以理解，主要问题是用户根本不读条款，而不是理解条款复杂的问题，所以 A 选项不符合题意。
选项 C：文中没有提到很多人对条款的措辞感到困惑，重点是用户不阅读条款，所以 C 选项不正确。
选项 D：原文强调的是用户不阅读条款，而不是阅读后不理解，所以 D 选项也不符合文意。
3.What would drivers do when they suffer from “warning fatigue”?
A. Waste no time keeping the car moving.
B. Rest a while to avoid fatigue driving
C. Take no action despite repeated warnings.
D. Take note of the message though fatigued.
这道题的正确答案是：C.
定位句：第四段，文中明确指出 “a driver, annoyed after receiving continuous warnings, could decide to just ignore the message”，即司机在收到连续警告后感到厌烦，可能会决定无视这些信息，这与选项 C “尽管有反复的警告也不采取行动” 表述一致，所以 C 选项正确。
其中，repeated warnings = continuous warnings；ignore = take no action，总体来说都是比较明显的同义替换。
干扰项辨析：
选项 A：文段未提及司机为了让车不停而采取行动，与 “警告疲劳” 的内容无关，所以 A 选项不符合题意。
选项 B：文段没有提到司机休息以避免疲劳驾驶，主要说的是司机对警告信息的反应，所以 B 选项错误。
选项 D：原文是说司机可能会忽略信息，而不是注意信息，所以 D 选项与原文不符。
4.What does the author think of continuing to ask buyers to sign end-user license agreements?
A. It will probably not guarantee the safety of drivers in case of accidents.
B. It likely won’t ensure that the automatic driving system functions properly.
C. It likely won’t fully protect automakers against accusations of deliberate cheating.
D. It will probably not provide manufacturers adequate protection from legal responsibilities.
这道题的正确答案是：D.
定位句：第四段最后一句话， even if this mode of obtaining consent is to move forward, it likely won’t fully protect automakers from their legal liability should the system malfunction or an accident occur.
其中，obtaining consent is to move forward就是第四题题干的同义替换，所谓继续让用户签署协议，就是继续推进获得用户对该协议的同意。本题一大难点在于定位，但我们依然可以根据选项特征大致猜测定位范围。你发现四个选项都有It likely won’t…/It will not…了吗？
分析原文可知，即使继续要求买家签署最终用户许可协议，当系统故障或事故发生时，可能也无法完全保护汽车制造商免于法律责任，这与选项 D 表述一致。
干扰项辨析：
选项 A：文中重点强调的是无法使汽车制造商完全免除法律责任，而非保障司机在事故中的安全，A 选项偏离原文重点。
选项 B：文段主要围绕签署协议对制造商法律责任的影响，而非自动驾驶系统能否正常运行，B 选项不符合文意。
选项 C：文中未提及对制造商故意欺诈指控的相关内容，C 选项属于无中生有。
5.What should be done to help drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations?
A. Training them to be experts in vehicle automation.
B. Familiarizing them with the systems through training.
C. Broadening their knowledge of accident-prevention mechanisms.
D. Facilitating their access to the information provided by the seller.
这道题的正确答案是：B.
定位句：第五段第一句话，“Driver training for self-driving vehicles can help ensure that drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations.” 可知，帮助司机充分了解系统性能和局限性的方法是对他们进行自动驾驶汽车方面的培训，也就是让他们通过培训熟悉系统，B 选项符合文意。
干扰项辨析：
A 选项：文中未提及要将司机培训成车辆自动化方面的专家，属于过度推断，故 A 选项错误。
C 选项：文中没有提到要拓宽司机在事故预防机制方面的知识，与原文内容无关，故 C 选项错误。
D 选项：根据 “Recent evidence shows even relying on the information provided by the seller is not going to answer many questions.” 可知，仅仅依靠卖家提供的信息是不够的，所以 D 选项错误。
2024年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套pdf
